import time, math, board, smbus2, serial, psutil, pynmea2, bme680 import adafruit_ltr390, threading, os, statistics, requests from datetime import datetime, timezone from collections import deque from dotenv import load_dotenv from pathlib import Path BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent def cfg(): load_dotenv(BASE_DIR / '.env', override=True) load_dotenv(BASE_DIR / '.env.local', override=True) return { 'LATITUDE': float(os.getenv('LATITUDE', '0.0')), 'LONGITUDE': float(os.getenv('LONGITUDE', '0.0')), 'ALTITUDE': float(os.getenv('ALTITUDE', '0.0')), 'DB_HOST': os.getenv('DB_HOST', 'http://localhost:8428'), 'GPS_PORT': os.getenv('GPS_PORT', '/dev/ttyS0'), 'GPS_BAUD': int( os.getenv('GPS_BAUD', '9600')), 'GAS_REFERENCE': int( os.getenv('GAS_REFERENCE', '250000')), 'PRESSURE_TREND_WINDOW': int( os.getenv('PRESSURE_TREND_WINDOW', '60')), 'LUNA_CAL_SAMPLES': int( os.getenv('LUNA_CAL_SAMPLES', '20')), 'LUNA_MAX_DIST_CM': int( os.getenv('LUNA_MAX_DIST_CM', '800')), 'LUNA_MIN_DEPTH_CM': int( os.getenv('LUNA_MIN_DEPTH_CM', '2')), 'AS3935_ADDR': int( os.getenv('AS3935_ADDR', '0x03'), 16), 'AS3935_NOISE_FLOOR': int( os.getenv('AS3935_NOISE_FLOOR', '5')), 'AS3935_WATCHDOG': int( os.getenv('AS3935_WATCHDOG', '3')), 'AS3935_SPIKE_REJ': int( os.getenv('AS3935_SPIKE_REJ', '7')), 'LOOP_INTERVAL': float( os.getenv('LOOP_INTERVAL', '1.0')), 'FLOOD_TEMP_THRESHOLD': float( os.getenv('FLOOD_TEMP_THRESHOLD', '10.0')), 'SLUSH_TEMP_THRESHOLD': float( os.getenv('SLUSH_TEMP_THRESHOLD', '0.0')), 'SNOW_STRENGTH_MIN': int( os.getenv('SNOW_STRENGTH_MIN', '700')), 'SEISMIC_NOISE_FLOOR': float( os.getenv('SEISMIC_NOISE_FLOOR', '0.02')), 'TEMP_CALIBRATION': float( os.getenv('TEMP_CALIBRATION', '0.0')), 'VISIBILITY_MAX': float( os.getenv('VISIBILITY_MAX', '50.0')), 'CLOUD_SUN_MIN_ELEV': float( os.getenv('CLOUD_SUN_MIN_ELEV', '5.0')), 'CLOUD_LUX_CLEAR_SKY': float( os.getenv('CLOUD_LUX_CLEAR_SKY', '100000.0')), 'CLOUD_HUMIDITY_WEIGHT': float( os.getenv('CLOUD_HUMIDITY_WEIGHT', '0.3')), } # ── VictoriaMetrics ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def write(c, fields, collection='weather'): field_str = ','.join( f"{k}={'true' if v is True else 'false' if v is False else v}" for k, v in fields.items() if v is not None ) if not field_str: return requests.post(f"{c['DB_HOST']}/write", data=f"{collection} {field_str}", timeout=2) # ── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def try_init(fn, name): try: r = fn() print(f" ✅ {name}") return r except Exception as e: print(f" ❌ {name}: {e}") return None def try_read(fn): try: return fn() except: return None def s16(v): return v - 65536 if v > 32767 else v try: bus = smbus2.SMBus(1) except: bus = None; print("[I2C] SMBus init failed") try: i2c = board.I2C() except: i2c = None; print("[I2C] board.I2C init failed") # ── BME680 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── pressure_buffer = deque(maxlen=60) def init_bme(): sensor = bme680.BME680(bme680.I2C_ADDR_SECONDARY) sensor.set_humidity_oversample(bme680.OS_2X) sensor.set_pressure_oversample(bme680.OS_4X) sensor.set_temperature_oversample(bme680.OS_8X) sensor.set_filter(bme680.FILTER_SIZE_3) sensor.set_gas_status(bme680.ENABLE_GAS_MEAS) sensor.set_gas_heater_temperature(320) sensor.set_gas_heater_duration(150) sensor.select_gas_heater_profile(0) return sensor def heat_index(tc, rh): tf = tc * 9/5 + 32 if tf < 80: return round(tc, 2) hi = (-42.379 + 2.04901523*tf + 10.14333127*rh - 0.22475541*tf*rh - 0.00683783*tf**2 - 0.05481717*rh**2 + 0.00122874*tf**2*rh + 0.00085282*tf*rh**2 - 0.00000199*tf**2*rh**2) return round((hi - 32) * 5/9, 2) def absolute_humidity(tc, rh): return round((6.112 * math.exp((17.67*tc)/(tc+243.5)) * rh * 2.1674) / (273.15+tc), 3) def vpd(tc, rh): es = 0.6108 * math.exp((17.27*tc)/(tc+237.3)) return round(es - (rh/100)*es, 3) def gas_to_aqi(gas_ohms, humidity, gas_reference): if gas_ohms is None: return None gas_score = min(gas_ohms / gas_reference, 1.0) * 75 hum_score = 25 - abs(humidity - 40) * 0.5 quality = min(max(gas_score + hum_score, 0), 100) aqi = round((1 - quality / 100) * 500) return aqi def sea_level_pressure(pressure_hpa, alt_m): if alt_m is None: return None return round(pressure_hpa / math.pow(1 - (alt_m / 44330.0), 5.255), 2) def get_pressure_trend(window): if pressure_buffer.maxlen != window: pressure_buffer.__init__(window) if len(pressure_buffer) < 2: return None delta = pressure_buffer[-1] - pressure_buffer[0] return round(delta, 2) def read_bme(c, sensor, alt_m=None): if not sensor: return None, None, None try: if not sensor.get_sensor_data(): return None, None, None t, rh, p = sensor.data.temperature, sensor.data.humidity, sensor.data.pressure gas = round(sensor.data.gas_resistance, 0) if sensor.data.heat_stable else None aqi_score = gas_to_aqi(gas, rh, c['GAS_REFERENCE']) pressure_buffer.append(p) p_rate = get_pressure_trend(c['PRESSURE_TREND_WINDOW']) dp = round(t - (100 - rh) / 5.0, 2) write(c, { 'temperature': round(t + c['TEMP_CALIBRATION'], 2), 'humidity': round(rh, 2), 'dew_point': dp, 'pressure_hpa': round(p, 2), 'pressure_slp': sea_level_pressure(p, alt_m), 'pressure_rate': p_rate, 'humidity_abs': absolute_humidity(t, rh), 'vapor_pressure_deficit': vpd(t, rh), 'heat_index': heat_index(t, rh), 'air_quality_ohms': gas, 'air_quality': aqi_score, }) return t, rh, aqi_score except Exception as e: print(f"[BME680] {e}") return None, None, None # ── MPU6050 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # ── MPU6050 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── MPU_ADDR = 0x68 _mpu_peak = None _mpu_lock = threading.Lock() _mpu_grav = None # slow-tracked gravity vector [x, y, z] GRAV_ALPHA = 0.05 # EMA rate while still STILL_SPREAD = 0.03 # g, max peak-to-peak per axis to count as "still" _still_buf = deque(maxlen=50) # ~0.5s @ 100Hz def read_accel(): d = try_read(lambda: bus.read_i2c_block_data(MPU_ADDR, 0x3B, 6)) if not d: return None return [ s16((d[0] << 8) | d[1]) / 16384.0, s16((d[2] << 8) | d[3]) / 16384.0, s16((d[4] << 8) | d[5]) / 16384.0, ] def rotation_to_z(g): """Rodrigues rotation mapping gravity vector g -> +Z. Returns (R, |g|).""" mag = math.sqrt(sum(v * v for v in g)) u = [v / mag for v in g] kx, ky = u[1], -u[0] # axis = u × z s = math.sqrt(kx * kx + ky * ky) # sin(theta) c = u[2] # cos(theta) if s < 1e-8: return [[1, 0, 0], [0, c, 0], [0, 0, c]], mag kx, ky = kx / s, ky / s v = 1 - c return [ [c + kx * kx * v, kx * ky * v, ky * s], [ky * kx * v, c + ky * ky * v, -kx * s], [-ky * s, kx * s, c ], ], mag def is_still(buf): if len(buf) < buf.maxlen: return False return all( max(s[i] for s in buf) - min(s[i] for s in buf) < STILL_SPREAD for i in range(3) ) def calibrate_mpu(samples=200): if not bus: return None print(" Calibrating MPU6050, keep still...") sums, n = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], 0 for _ in range(samples): a = read_accel() if a: sums = [s + v for s, v in zip(sums, a)] n += 1 time.sleep(0.005) if n == 0: return None g = [s / n for s in sums] mag = math.sqrt(sum(v * v for v in g)) if not 0.5 < mag < 1.5: print(f" ❌ MPU6050: bad gravity magnitude {mag:.2f}g") return None print(f" ✅ MPU6050: gravity {mag:.3f}g on ({g[0]:.2f}, {g[1]:.2f}, {g[2]:.2f}) → mapped to Z") return g def mpu_loop(): global _mpu_peak, _mpu_grav while True: if bus and _mpu_grav: a = read_accel() if a: _still_buf.append(a) R, g = rotation_to_z(_mpu_grav) ax = R[0][0] * a[0] + R[0][1] * a[1] + R[0][2] * a[2] ay = R[1][0] * a[0] + R[1][1] * a[1] + R[1][2] * a[2] az = R[2][0] * a[0] + R[2][1] * a[1] + R[2][2] * a[2] - g mag = math.sqrt(ax**2 + ay**2 + az**2) # Re-track gravity whenever the sensor is *still* — # absorbs bias shifts of any size, blocks shakes if is_still(_still_buf): _mpu_grav = [p + (v - p) * GRAV_ALPHA for p, v in zip(_mpu_grav, a)] with _mpu_lock: if _mpu_peak is None or mag > _mpu_peak['seismic_magnitude']: _mpu_peak = { 'seismic_x': round(ax, 3), 'seismic_y': round(ay, 3), 'seismic_z': round(az, 3), 'seismic_magnitude': round(mag, 4), } time.sleep(0.01) def flush_mpu(c): global _mpu_peak with _mpu_lock: data, _mpu_peak = _mpu_peak, None if data and data['seismic_magnitude'] > c['SEISMIC_NOISE_FLOOR']: write(c, data) else: write(c, {'seismic_x': 0.0, 'seismic_y': 0.0, 'seismic_z': 0.0, 'seismic_magnitude': 0.0}) # ── QMC5883L ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def read_compass(c): if not bus: return try: addr = 0x1E try_read(lambda: bus.write_byte_data(addr, 0x09, 0x1D)) d = try_read(lambda: bus.read_i2c_block_data(addr, 0x00, 6)) if not d: return x = s16((d[1] << 8) | d[0]) y = s16((d[3] << 8) | d[2]) z = s16((d[5] << 8) | d[4]) heading = math.degrees(math.atan2(y, x)) if heading < 0: heading += 360 write(c, {'compass_x': x, 'compass_y': y, 'compass_z': z, 'heading': round(heading, 1)}) except Exception as e: print(f"[QMC5883L] {e}") # ── LTR390 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── uv_dose_mj = 0.0 uv_dose_date = datetime.now().date() last_uv_time = time.time() dli_lux_acc = 0.0 dli_date = datetime.now().date() last_lux_time = time.time() daylight_start = None DAYLIGHT_LUX_THRESHOLD = 50 def sun_elevation(lat, lon): now = datetime.now(timezone.utc) doy = now.timetuple().tm_yday hour_ut = now.hour + now.minute / 60 + now.second / 3600 decl = math.radians(23.45 * math.sin(math.radians((360 / 365) * (doy - 81)))) lstm = 15 * round(lon / 15) eot = (9.87 * math.sin(math.radians(2 * (360/365) * (doy - 81))) - 7.53 * math.cos(math.radians((360/365) * (doy - 81))) - 1.5 * math.sin(math.radians((360/365) * (doy - 81)))) solar_time = hour_ut + (lon - lstm) / 15 + eot / 60 ha = math.radians(15 * (solar_time - 12)) lat_r = math.radians(lat) elev = math.degrees(math.asin( math.sin(lat_r) * math.sin(decl) + math.cos(lat_r) * math.cos(decl) * math.cos(ha) )) return elev def estimate_cloud_cover(c, lux, temp, dew_point, lat, lon): elev = sun_elevation(lat, lon) temp_dp_spread = temp - dew_point hum_cloud = max(0.0, min(100.0, (1 - temp_dp_spread / 20.0) * 100)) if elev < c['CLOUD_SUN_MIN_ELEV']: return round(hum_cloud, 1), round(elev, 2) theoretical = max(c['CLOUD_LUX_CLEAR_SKY'] * math.sin(math.radians(elev)), 1.0) solar_ratio = min(lux / theoretical, 1.0) solar_cloud = (1.0 - solar_ratio) * 100 w = c['CLOUD_HUMIDITY_WEIGHT'] blended = (1 - w) * solar_cloud + w * hum_cloud return round(min(max(blended, 0.0), 100.0), 1), round(elev, 2) def estimate_visibility(c, rh, aqi): rh_clamped = min(rh, 99.5) beta_rh = 0.000146 * math.exp(0.06 * rh_clamped) aqi_factor = 1.0 + ((aqi or 0) / 500.0) * 0.5 extinction = beta_rh * aqi_factor return round(min(3.912 / extinction, c['VISIBILITY_MAX']), 2) def read_ltr(c, sensor, temp=None, dew_point=None, rh=None, aqi=None, lat=0.0, lon=0.0): global uv_dose_mj, uv_dose_date, last_uv_time global dli_lux_acc, dli_date, last_lux_time, daylight_start if not sensor: return try: lux = round(sensor.lux, 2) uvi = round(sensor.uvi, 2) except Exception as e: print(f"[LTR390] {e}") return now = time.time() today = datetime.now().date() if today != uv_dose_date: uv_dose_mj, uv_dose_date = 0.0, today if today != dli_date: dli_lux_acc, dli_date, daylight_start = 0.0, today, None uv_dose_mj += uvi * 25 * (now - last_uv_time) dli_lux_acc += lux * (now - last_lux_time) last_uv_time = now last_lux_time = now if lux >= DAYLIGHT_LUX_THRESHOLD and daylight_start is None: daylight_start = now fields = { 'lux': lux, 'uv_index': uvi, 'solar_wm2': round(lux / 120, 2), 'uv_dose': round(uv_dose_mj, 2), 'daily_light_integral': round(dli_lux_acc / 54 / 1_000_000, 4), } if temp is not None and dew_point is not None: cloud, sun_elev = estimate_cloud_cover(c, lux, temp, dew_point, lat, lon) fields['clouds'] = cloud fields['sun_elevation'] = sun_elev if rh is not None: fields['visibility'] = estimate_visibility(c, rh, aqi) write(c, fields) # ── TF-Luna ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── luna_baseline_cm = None def calibrate_luna(c): global luna_baseline_cm if not bus: print(" ❌ TF-Luna: no I2C bus"); return print(" Calibrating TF-Luna...") readings = [] for _ in range(c['LUNA_CAL_SAMPLES']): d = try_read(lambda: bus.read_i2c_block_data(0x10, 0x00, 6)) if d: dist, strength = d[0] | (d[1] << 8), d[2] | (d[3] << 8) if strength >= 100 and 0 < dist <= c['LUNA_MAX_DIST_CM']: readings.append(dist) time.sleep(0.1) if readings: luna_baseline_cm = round(sum(readings) / len(readings), 1) print(f" ✅ TF-Luna baseline: {luna_baseline_cm} cm") else: print(" ❌ TF-Luna: calibration failed") def read_luna(c): if not bus: return try: d = try_read(lambda: bus.read_i2c_block_data(0x10, 0x00, 6)) if not d: return dist = d[0] | (d[1] << 8) strength = d[2] | (d[3] << 8) if strength < 100 or dist <= 0 or dist > c['LUNA_MAX_DIST_CM']: return fields = {'ground_distance': dist, 'ground_calibration': luna_baseline_cm, 'lidar_strength': strength} if luna_baseline_cm and (luna_baseline_cm - dist) >= c['LUNA_MIN_DEPTH_CM']: depth = round(luna_baseline_cm - dist, 1) fields['accumulation'] = depth else: fields['accumulation'] = 0 write(c, fields) except Exception as e: print(f"[TF-Luna] {e}") # ── AS3935 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── lightning_distances = deque(maxlen=10) lightning_count = 0 lightning_window_start = time.time() def init_as3935(c): if not bus: return try: addr = c['AS3935_ADDR'] bus.write_byte_data(addr, 0x01, (c['AS3935_NOISE_FLOOR'] << 4) | c['AS3935_WATCHDOG']) bus.write_byte_data(addr, 0x02, c['AS3935_SPIKE_REJ']) bus.write_byte_data(addr, 0x00, 0x24) print(" ✅ AS3935") except Exception as e: print(f" ❌ AS3935: {e}") def read_as3935(c): global lightning_count, lightning_window_start if not bus: return try: addr = c['AS3935_ADDR'] data = try_read(lambda: bus.read_i2c_block_data(addr, 0x00, 9)) if not data: return interrupt = data[3] & 0x0F energy = ((data[5] & 0x1F) << 16) | (data[4] << 8) | data[3] try_read(lambda: bus.read_byte_data(addr, 0x03)) if interrupt not in (0x04, 0x08) or energy < 1000: return dist = data[6] & 0x3F lightning_distances.append(dist) lightning_count += 1 elapsed = time.time() - lightning_window_start if elapsed >= 3600: lightning_count, lightning_window_start, elapsed = 1, time.time(), 1 trend = 'Stationary' if len(lightning_distances) >= 3: avg_early = sum(list(lightning_distances)[:3]) / 3 avg_late = sum(list(lightning_distances)[-3:]) / 3 if avg_late < avg_early - 2: trend = 'Approaching' elif avg_late > avg_early + 2: trend = 'Retreating' write(c, { 'lightning_distance': dist, 'lightning_rate': round(lightning_count / (elapsed / 3600), 1), 'storm_trend': trend, }) except Exception as e: print(f"[AS3935] {e}") # ── GPS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── gps_cache = {} def read_gps(c): try: ser = serial.Serial(c['GPS_PORT'], c['GPS_BAUD'], timeout=1) line = ser.readline().decode('ascii', errors='replace').strip() ser.close() if 'GGA' in line: msg = pynmea2.parse(line) gps_cache.update({ 'latitude': msg.latitude, 'longitude': msg.longitude, 'altitude': msg.altitude, 'gps_satellites': int(msg.num_sats), }) if gps_cache: write(c, {k: v for k, v in gps_cache.items() if v is not None}) except Exception as e: print(f"[GPS] {e}") return gps_cache # ── Rain ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def read_rain(c): write(c, {'precipitation': 0, 'raining': False}) # ── Wind ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def read_wind(c): write(c, {'wind_direction': 0, 'wind_speed': 0, 'wind_gusts': 0}) # ── System ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def read_system(c): try: cpu_temp = None for key in ('cpu_thermal', 'coretemp', 'k10temp', 'acpitz'): if key in (temps := psutil.sensors_temperatures()): cpu_temp = round(temps[key][0].current, 1) break cpu_freq = psutil.cpu_freq() mem = psutil.virtual_memory() disk = psutil.disk_usage('/') write(c, { 'cpu_temp': cpu_temp, 'cpu_usage': round(psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None), 1), 'cpu_freq_mhz': round(cpu_freq.current, 1) if cpu_freq else None, 'mem_used_mb': round(mem.used / 1024**2, 1), 'mem_total_mb': round(mem.total / 1024**2, 1), 'mem_percent': mem.percent, 'disk_used_gb': round(disk.used / 1024**3, 2), 'disk_total_gb': round(disk.total / 1024**3, 2), 'disk_percent': disk.percent, }, collection='system') except Exception as e: print(f"[System] {e}") # ── Main ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── if __name__ == '__main__': print("\n🌦 Weather Station — Initialising...\n") c = cfg() bme_sensor = try_init(init_bme, 'BME680') ltr_sensor = try_init(lambda: adafruit_ltr390.LTR390(i2c) if i2c else (_ for _ in ()).throw(Exception('no i2c')), 'LTR390') if bus: try_read(lambda: bus.write_byte_data(MPU_ADDR, 0x6B, 0)) time.sleep(0.1) _mpu_grav = try_init(calibrate_mpu, 'MPU6050') else: _mpu_grav = None print(" ❌ MPU6050: no I2C bus") threading.Thread(target=mpu_loop, daemon=True).start() init_as3935(c) calibrate_luna(c) print("\n🚀 Starting sensor loop...\n") last_temp = None last_rh = None last_aqi = None while True: c = cfg() gps = read_gps(c) lat = gps.get('latitude') or c['LATITUDE'] lon = gps.get('longitude') or c['LONGITUDE'] alt = gps.get('altitude') or c['ALTITUDE'] result = read_bme(c, bme_sensor, alt_m=alt) if result and result[0] is not None: last_temp, last_rh, last_aqi = result dp = None if last_temp is not None and last_rh is not None: dp = round(last_temp - (100 - last_rh) / 5.0, 2) flush_mpu(c) read_compass(c) read_ltr(c, ltr_sensor, temp=last_temp, dew_point=dp, rh=last_rh, aqi=last_aqi, lat=lat, lon=lon) read_luna(c) read_as3935(c) read_rain(c) read_wind(c) read_system(c) time.sleep(c['LOOP_INTERVAL'])