Websites
Modern
Life
- Adkins, Lesley and Adkins, Roy A. Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome: New York: Oxford University Press, 1994
- Connolly, Peter and Dodge, Hazel. The Ancient City – Life in Classical Athens & Rome: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
- Harlow, Mary and Laurence, Ray. Growing Up and Growing Old in Ancient Rome: London; Routlage, 2002
- Shelton, Jo-Ann. As the Romans Did: New York: Oxford University Press; 1998 (2nd ed.)
Warfare
- Bishop, M.C. & Coulston, J.C.N. Roman Military Equipment: Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2006
- Breeze, David J. The Frontiers of Imperial Rome: South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Books Ltd., 2011
- Gilliver, Kate, Goldsworthy, Adrian, Whitby, Michael. Rome at War (Caesar and his Legacy): Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2005
- Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2003
- Goldsworthy, Adrian. Roman Warfare: London: Cassell & Co., 2000
- Hyland, Ann. Training the Roman Cavalry (From Arrian’s Ars Tactica): Gloucestershire; Sutton Publishing Limited, 1993
- Keppie, Lawrence. The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire: Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998
- Kern, Paul Bentley. Ancient Siege Warfare: Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1999
- Kiley, Kevin F. An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Uniforms of the Roman World: Dayton, Ohio: Lorenz Books., 2019
- Le Bohec, Yann. The Imperial Roman Army: New York: Routledge, 2001
- Parker, H.M.D. The Roman Legions: Dorset Press, N.Y. (reprint of [1928] 1957 second edition); 1992
- Peterson, Daniel. The Roman Legions Recreated in Colour Photographs: Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd., 2001
- Matyszak, Philip. Legionary: The Roman Soldier's (unofficial) Manual: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2009
- May, Elmer, Stadler, Gerald P., Votaw, John F. (Department of History, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York). Ancient & Medieval Warfare: Wayne, N.J.: Avery Publishing Group Inc., 1984
- Pollard, Nigel & Berry, Joanne. The Complete Roman Legions: London: Thames & Hudson, 2012
- Roth, Jonathan P. Roman Warfare: New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009
- Scarre, Chris. Chronicle of The Roman Emperors: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1995
- Shirley, Elizabeth. Building a Roman Legionary Fortress: Charleston S.C.: Arcadia Publishing Inc. (a Division of Tempus), 2001
- Simkins, Michael. Warriors of Rome: London: Blandford, 1988
- Southern, Pat. The Roman Army, A Social & Institutional History: New York: Oxford University Press, 2006
- Watson, G.R. The Roman Soldier: New York: Cornell University Press, 1985
- Wary, John. Warfare in the Classical World: Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995
- Webster, Graham. The Imperial Roman Army (of the First and Second Centuries A.D.): Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998 (3rd ed.)
- Woolliscroft, D.I. Roman Military Signalling: Charleston: Tempus Publishing Inc., 2001
Historical
Accounts
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Titus Livius (AKA Livy). Ab Urbe Condita: 753 - 9 BC
History of ancient Rome and includes the cities founding legends, the expulsion of kings and the reign of Augustus. -
Polybius. Historiae: 264 - 146 BC
History of the Roman Republic including the Punic wars & subjugation of Greece. -
Appian of Alexandria. Romaica: Circa 3rd Century BC - 43 BC
What remains recounts the foreign wars from the republic and the civil wars up to the Second Triumvirate -
Flavius Josephus. Bellum Iudaicum: 168 BC - 70 AD
Summarized history of the Jewish wars including the first Jewish Revolt. -
Gaius Julius Caesar. De Bello Gallico (AKA Bellum Gallicum): 58 - 50 BC
First hand account of the Gallic wars. -
Gaius Julius Caesar. De Bello Civili (AKA Bellum Civile): 49 - 48 BC
A first hand account of Caesar's civil war against Pompey the Great & the Roman Senate. -
Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Alexandrino (AKA Bellum Alexandrinum): 47 - 46 BC
Continuation of Caesar's civil war while in Alexandria (Egypt) & Asia. -
Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Africo (AKA Bellum Africum): 46 BC
Continuation of Caesar's civil war while in the province of Africa. -
Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Hispaniensi (AKA Bellum Hispaniense): 45 BC
Continuation and end of Caesar's civil war while in Iberian Peninsula. -
Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Annales: 42 BC - 68 AD
The history of Rome, from Tiberius to Nero
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Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Historiae: 42 - 96 AD
The history of Rome, from the downfall of nero to the death of Domitian (surviving documents span to Vespasian's reign) -
Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (AKA Arrian of Nicomedia). 85 - 190 AD
Several works, including the history of Alexander the Great, various military campaigns, notes on the philosopher Epictetus, & guides on hunting, navigation & cavalry -
Ammianus Marcellinus. Restrum Gestarum Libri (AKA Res gestae): 96 - 378 AD
The history of Rome from the ascension of Nerva to the death of Valens from (Only 353 - 378 AD survive) -
Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (AKA Plutarch). 50 AD - 120 AD
Wrote over 50 biographies including those of Alexander the Great, Caesar & several emperors -
Publius Cornelius Tacitus. De Vita Julii Agricolae: 77 - 84 AD
Recounts the the life of Gnaeus Jilius Agricola, a Roman governor of Britain. -
Publius Cornelius Tacitus. De Origine et situ Germanorum (AKA Germania): 98 AD
The history of the Germanic people outside of the Roman Empire -
Lucius Cassius Dio (AKA Dio Cassius). Historia Romanae: 155 AD - 235 AD
80 volume history of Rome from it's foundation to the 3rd century
Manuals
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Flavius Vegetius Renatus. Epitoma Rei Militaris (AKA De Re Militari): Circa 4th - 5th Century
Summary of historic military manuals -
Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus. Strategikon: 539 AD - 602 AD
Comprehensive handbook & manual on war -
Gaius Julius Hyginus (?). De Munitionibus Castrorum (AKA De Metatione Castrorum): Circa 1st - 4th century
Collection of military camp layouts -
Sextus Julius Frontinus. Stratagemata: Circa late 1st Century
Collection of historic examples of Greek & Roman military stratagems
Special Thanks
Special thanks to our Tribunus angusticlavius (Staff Officer),
David Blain for providing sources