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Resources

- - print - Print - -
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Websites

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Modern

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Life

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    -
  • Adkins, Lesley and Adkins, Roy A. Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome: New York: Oxford University Press, 1994
  • -
  • Connolly, Peter and Dodge, Hazel. The Ancient City – Life in Classical Athens & Rome: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
  • -
  • Harlow, Mary and Laurence, Ray. Growing Up and Growing Old in Ancient Rome: London; Routlage, 2002
  • -
  • Shelton, Jo-Ann. As the Romans Did: New York: Oxford University Press; 1998 (2nd ed.)
  • -
-

Warfare

-
    -
  • Bishop, M.C. & Coulston, J.C.N. Roman Military Equipment: Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2006
  • -
  • Breeze, David J. The Frontiers of Imperial Rome: South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Books Ltd., 2011
  • -
  • Gilliver, Kate, Goldsworthy, Adrian, Whitby, Michael. Rome at War (Caesar and his Legacy): Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2005
  • -
  • Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2003
  • -
  • Goldsworthy, Adrian. Roman Warfare: London: Cassell & Co., 2000
  • -
  • Hyland, Ann. Training the Roman Cavalry (From Arrian’s Ars Tactica): Gloucestershire; Sutton Publishing Limited, 1993
  • -
  • Keppie, Lawrence. The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire: Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998
  • -
  • Kern, Paul Bentley. Ancient Siege Warfare: Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1999
  • -
  • Kiley, Kevin F. An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Uniforms of the Roman World: Dayton, Ohio: Lorenz Books., 2019
  • -
  • Le Bohec, Yann. The Imperial Roman Army: New York: Routledge, 2001
  • -
  • Parker, H.M.D. The Roman Legions: Dorset Press, N.Y. (reprint of [1928] 1957 second edition); 1992
  • -
  • Peterson, Daniel. The Roman Legions Recreated in Colour Photographs: Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd., 2001
  • -
  • Matyszak, Philip. Legionary: The Roman Soldier's (unofficial) Manual: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2009
  • -
  • May, Elmer, Stadler, Gerald P., Votaw, John F. (Department of History, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York). Ancient & Medieval Warfare: Wayne, N.J.: Avery Publishing Group Inc., 1984
  • -
  • Pollard, Nigel & Berry, Joanne. The Complete Roman Legions: London: Thames & Hudson, 2012
  • -
  • Roth, Jonathan P. Roman Warfare: New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009
  • -
  • Scarre, Chris. Chronicle of The Roman Emperors: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1995
  • -
  • Shirley, Elizabeth. Building a Roman Legionary Fortress: Charleston S.C.: Arcadia Publishing Inc. (a Division of Tempus), 2001
  • -
  • Simkins, Michael. Warriors of Rome: London: Blandford, 1988
  • -
  • Southern, Pat. The Roman Army, A Social & Institutional History: New York: Oxford University Press, 2006
  • -
  • Watson, G.R. The Roman Soldier: New York: Cornell University Press, 1985
  • -
  • Wary, John. Warfare in the Classical World: Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995
  • -
  • Webster, Graham. The Imperial Roman Army (of the First and Second Centuries A.D.): Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998 (3rd ed.)
  • -
  • Woolliscroft, D.I. Roman Military Signalling: Charleston: Tempus Publishing Inc., 2001
  • -
-
-
-

Historical

-

Accounts

-
    -
  • - Titus Livius (AKA Livy). Ab Urbe Condita: 753 - 9 BC
    - History of ancient Rome and includes the cities founding legends, the expulsion of kings and the reign of Augustus. -
  • -
  • - Polybius. Historiae: 264 - 146 BC
    - History of the Roman Republic including the Punic wars & subjugation of Greece. -
  • -
  • - Appian of Alexandria. Romaica: Circa 3rd Century BC - 43 BC
    - What remains recounts the foreign wars from the republic and the civil wars up to the Second Triumvirate -
  • -
  • - Flavius Josephus. Bellum Iudaicum: 168 BC - 70 AD
    - Summarized history of the Jewish wars including the first Jewish Revolt. -
  • -
  • - Gaius Julius Caesar. De Bello Gallico (AKA Bellum Gallicum): 58 - 50 BC
    - First hand account of the Gallic wars. -
  • -
  • - Gaius Julius Caesar. De Bello Civili (AKA Bellum Civile): 49 - 48 BC
    - A first hand account of Caesar's civil war against Pompey the Great & the Roman Senate. -
  • -
  • - Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Alexandrino (AKA Bellum Alexandrinum): 47 - 46 BC
    - Continuation of Caesar's civil war while in Alexandria (Egypt) & Asia. -
  • -
  • - Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Africo (AKA Bellum Africum): 46 BC
    - Continuation of Caesar's civil war while in the province of Africa. -
  • -
  • - Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Hispaniensi (AKA Bellum Hispaniense): 45 BC
    - Continuation and end of Caesar's civil war while in Iberian Peninsula. -
  • -
  • - Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Annales: 42 BC - 68 AD
    - The history of Rome, from Tiberius to Nero
    -
  • -
  • - Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Historiae: 42 - 96 AD
    - The history of Rome, from the downfall of nero to the death of Domitian (surviving documents span to Vespasian's reign) -
  • -
  • - Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (AKA Arrian of Nicomedia). 85 - 190 AD
    - Several works, including the history of Alexander the Great, various military campaigns, notes on the philosopher Epictetus, & guides on hunting, navigation & cavalry -
  • -
  • - Ammianus Marcellinus. Restrum Gestarum Libri (AKA Res gestae): 96 - 378 AD
    - The history of Rome from the ascension of Nerva to the death of Valens from (Only 353 - 378 AD survive) -
  • -
  • - Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (AKA Plutarch). 50 AD - 120 AD
    - Wrote over 50 biographies including those of Alexander the Great, Caesar & several emperors -
  • -
  • - Publius Cornelius Tacitus. De Vita Julii Agricolae: 77 - 84 AD
    - Recounts the the life of Gnaeus Jilius Agricola, a Roman governor of Britain. -
  • -
  • - Publius Cornelius Tacitus. De Origine et situ Germanorum (AKA Germania): 98 AD
    - The history of the Germanic people outside of the Roman Empire -
  • -
  • - Lucius Cassius Dio (AKA Dio Cassius). Historia Romanae: 155 AD - 235 AD
    - 80 volume history of Rome from it's foundation to the 3rd century -
  • -
-

Manuals

-
    -
  • - Flavius Vegetius Renatus. Epitoma Rei Militaris (AKA De Re Militari): Circa 4th - 5th Century
    - Summary of historic military manuals -
  • -
  • - Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus. Strategikon: 539 AD - 602 AD
    - Comprehensive handbook & manual on war -
  • -
  • - Gaius Julius Hyginus (?). De Munitionibus Castrorum (AKA De Metatione Castrorum): Circa 1st - 4th century
    - Collection of military camp layouts -
  • -
  • - Sextus Julius Frontinus. Stratagemata: Circa late 1st Century
    - Collection of historic examples of Greek & Roman military stratagems -
  • -
-
-
-
- Info icon -
-
-

Special Thanks

-

Special thanks to our Tribunus angusticlavius (Staff Officer),
David Blain for providing sources

- More Info / https://principialegionis.org -
-
-
-
+
+ +
+
+
+

Resources

+ + print + Print + +
+ +
+
+
+

Websites

+ +
+
+

Modern

+

Life

+
    +
  • Adkins, Lesley and Adkins, Roy A. Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome: New York: Oxford University Press, 1994
  • +
  • Connolly, Peter and Dodge, Hazel. The Ancient City – Life in Classical Athens & Rome: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
  • +
  • Harlow, Mary and Laurence, Ray. Growing Up and Growing Old in Ancient Rome: London; Routlage, 2002
  • +
  • Shelton, Jo-Ann. As the Romans Did: New York: Oxford University Press; 1998 (2nd ed.)
  • +
+

Warfare

+
    +
  • Bishop, M.C. & Coulston, J.C.N. Roman Military Equipment: Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2006
  • +
  • Breeze, David J. The Frontiers of Imperial Rome: South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Books Ltd., 2011
  • +
  • Gilliver, Kate, Goldsworthy, Adrian, Whitby, Michael. Rome at War (Caesar and his Legacy): Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2005
  • +
  • Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2003
  • +
  • Goldsworthy, Adrian. Roman Warfare: London: Cassell & Co., 2000
  • +
  • Hyland, Ann. Training the Roman Cavalry (From Arrian’s Ars Tactica): Gloucestershire; Sutton Publishing Limited, 1993
  • +
  • Keppie, Lawrence. The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire: Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998
  • +
  • Kern, Paul Bentley. Ancient Siege Warfare: Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1999
  • +
  • Kiley, Kevin F. An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Uniforms of the Roman World: Dayton, Ohio: Lorenz Books., 2019
  • +
  • Le Bohec, Yann. The Imperial Roman Army: New York: Routledge, 2001
  • +
  • Parker, H.M.D. The Roman Legions: Dorset Press, N.Y. (reprint of [1928] 1957 second edition); 1992
  • +
  • Peterson, Daniel. The Roman Legions Recreated in Colour Photographs: Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd., 2001
  • +
  • Matyszak, Philip. Legionary: The Roman Soldier's (unofficial) Manual: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2009
  • +
  • May, Elmer, Stadler, Gerald P., Votaw, John F. (Department of History, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York). Ancient & Medieval Warfare: Wayne, N.J.: Avery Publishing Group Inc., 1984
  • +
  • Pollard, Nigel & Berry, Joanne. The Complete Roman Legions: London: Thames & Hudson, 2012
  • +
  • Roth, Jonathan P. Roman Warfare: New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009
  • +
  • Scarre, Chris. Chronicle of The Roman Emperors: London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1995
  • +
  • Shirley, Elizabeth. Building a Roman Legionary Fortress: Charleston S.C.: Arcadia Publishing Inc. (a Division of Tempus), 2001
  • +
  • Simkins, Michael. Warriors of Rome: London: Blandford, 1988
  • +
  • Southern, Pat. The Roman Army, A Social & Institutional History: New York: Oxford University Press, 2006
  • +
  • Watson, G.R. The Roman Soldier: New York: Cornell University Press, 1985
  • +
  • Wary, John. Warfare in the Classical World: Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995
  • +
  • Webster, Graham. The Imperial Roman Army (of the First and Second Centuries A.D.): Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998 (3rd ed.)
  • +
  • Woolliscroft, D.I. Roman Military Signalling: Charleston: Tempus Publishing Inc., 2001
  • +
+
+
+

Historical

+

Accounts

+
    +
  • + Titus Livius (AKA Livy). Ab Urbe Condita: 753 - 9 BC
    + History of ancient Rome and includes the cities founding legends, the expulsion of kings and the reign of Augustus. +
  • +
  • + Polybius. Historiae: 264 - 146 BC
    + History of the Roman Republic including the Punic wars & subjugation of Greece. +
  • +
  • + Appian of Alexandria. Romaica: Circa 3rd Century BC - 43 BC
    + What remains recounts the foreign wars from the republic and the civil wars up to the Second Triumvirate +
  • +
  • + Flavius Josephus. Bellum Iudaicum: 168 BC - 70 AD
    + Summarized history of the Jewish wars including the first Jewish Revolt. +
  • +
  • + Gaius Julius Caesar. De Bello Gallico (AKA Bellum Gallicum): 58 - 50 BC
    + First hand account of the Gallic wars. +
  • +
  • + Gaius Julius Caesar. De Bello Civili (AKA Bellum Civile): 49 - 48 BC
    + A first hand account of Caesar's civil war against Pompey the Great & the Roman Senate. +
  • +
  • + Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Alexandrino (AKA Bellum Alexandrinum): 47 - 46 BC
    + Continuation of Caesar's civil war while in Alexandria (Egypt) & Asia. +
  • +
  • + Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Africo (AKA Bellum Africum): 46 BC
    + Continuation of Caesar's civil war while in the province of Africa. +
  • +
  • + Gaius Julius Caesar (?). De Bello Hispaniensi (AKA Bellum Hispaniense): 45 BC
    + Continuation and end of Caesar's civil war while in Iberian Peninsula. +
  • +
  • + Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Annales: 42 BC - 68 AD
    + The history of Rome, from Tiberius to Nero
    +
  • +
  • + Publius Cornelius Tacitus. Historiae: 42 - 96 AD
    + The history of Rome, from the downfall of nero to the death of Domitian (surviving documents span to Vespasian's reign) +
  • +
  • + Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (AKA Arrian of Nicomedia). 85 - 190 AD
    + Several works, including the history of Alexander the Great, various military campaigns, notes on the philosopher Epictetus, & guides on hunting, navigation & cavalry +
  • +
  • + Ammianus Marcellinus. Restrum Gestarum Libri (AKA Res gestae): 96 - 378 AD
    + The history of Rome from the ascension of Nerva to the death of Valens from (Only 353 - 378 AD survive) +
  • +
  • + Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (AKA Plutarch). 50 AD - 120 AD
    + Wrote over 50 biographies including those of Alexander the Great, Caesar & several emperors +
  • +
  • + Publius Cornelius Tacitus. De Vita Julii Agricolae: 77 - 84 AD
    + Recounts the the life of Gnaeus Jilius Agricola, a Roman governor of Britain. +
  • +
  • + Publius Cornelius Tacitus. De Origine et situ Germanorum (AKA Germania): 98 AD
    + The history of the Germanic people outside of the Roman Empire +
  • +
  • + Lucius Cassius Dio (AKA Dio Cassius). Historia Romanae: 155 AD - 235 AD
    + 80 volume history of Rome from it's foundation to the 3rd century +
  • +
+

Manuals

+
    +
  • + Flavius Vegetius Renatus. Epitoma Rei Militaris (AKA De Re Militari): Circa 4th - 5th Century
    + Summary of historic military manuals +
  • +
  • + Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus. Strategikon: 539 AD - 602 AD
    + Comprehensive handbook & manual on war +
  • +
  • + Gaius Julius Hyginus (?). De Munitionibus Castrorum (AKA De Metatione Castrorum): Circa 1st - 4th century
    + Collection of military camp layouts +
  • +
  • + Sextus Julius Frontinus. Stratagemata: Circa late 1st Century
    + Collection of historic examples of Greek & Roman military stratagems +
  • +
+
+
+
+ Info icon +
+
+

Special Thanks

+

Special thanks to our Tribunus angusticlavius (Staff Officer),
David Blain for providing sources

+ More Info / https://principialegionis.org +
+
+
+