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<br /> <br />
<!-- Logo --> <!-- Logo -->
<img src="https://git.zakscode.com/repo-avatars/2b4ee6ba1f2e2618bf7694e4a52fb56d1d0ea6abafa2dcbe496ab786b86d5a76" alt="Logo" width="200" height="200"> <img src="https://git.zakscode.com/repo-avatars/80775ae9cf0d2c4fb4aec035efb650e631d4d0046ab6fc04c6c041e91ba11d44" alt="Logo" width="200" height="200">
<!-- Title --> <!-- Title -->
### Template ### Fallback AP
<!-- Description --> <!-- Description -->
Simple repository template Automatic fallback Wi-Fi access point for headless Linux devices
<!-- Repo badges --> <!-- Repo badges -->
[![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json.svg?label=Version&style=for-the-badge&url=https://git.zakscode.com/api/v1/repos/ztimson/template/tags&query=$[0].name)](https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/template/tags) [![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json.svg?label=Version&style=for-the-badge&url=https://git.zakscode.com/api/v1/repos/ztimson/fallback-ap/tags&query=$[0].name)](https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/tags)
[![Pull Requests](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json.svg?label=Pull%20Requests&style=for-the-badge&url=https://git.zakscode.com/api/v1/repos/ztimson/template&query=open_pr_counter)](https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/template/pulls) [![Pull Requests](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json.svg?label=Pull%20Requests&style=for-the-badge&url=https://git.zakscode.com/api/v1/repos/ztimson/fallback-ap&query=open_pr_counter)](https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/pulls)
[![Issues](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json.svg?label=Issues&style=for-the-badge&url=https://git.zakscode.com/api/v1/repos/ztimson/template&query=open_issues_count)](https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/template/issues) [![Issues](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json.svg?label=Issues&style=for-the-badge&url=https://git.zakscode.com/api/v1/repos/ztimson/fallback-ap&query=open_issues_count)](https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/issues)
<!-- Links --> <!-- Links -->
--- ---
<div> <div>
<a href="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/template/wiki" target="_blank">Documentation</a> <a href="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/wiki" target="_blank">Documentation</a>
• <a href="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/template/releases" target="_blank">Release Notes</a> • <a href="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/releases" target="_blank">Release Notes</a>
• <a href="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/template/issues/new?template=.github%2fissue_template%2fbug.md" target="_blank">Report a Bug</a> • <a href="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/issues/new?template=.github%2fissue_template%2fbug.md" target="_blank">Report a Bug</a>
• <a href="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/template/issues/new?template=.github%2fissue_template%2fenhancement.md" target="_blank">Request a Feature</a> • <a href="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/issues/new?template=.github%2fissue_template%2fenhancement.md" target="_blank">Request a Feature</a>
</div> </div>
--- ---
</div> </div>
## Table of Contents ## Table of Contents
- [Template](#top) - [Fallback AP](#top)
- [About](#about) - [About](#about)
- [Demo](#demo)
- [Built With](#built-with) - [Built With](#built-with)
- [Setup](#setup) - [Setup](#setup)
- [Production](#production) - [Installation](#installation)
- [Development](#development) - [Usage](#usage)
- [License](#license) - [License](#license)
## About ## About
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. A NetworkManager-based script for headless Linux devices (e.g. a Raspberry Pi) that keeps them reachable even when their configured Wi-Fi network isn't available. When the device loses its Wi-Fi connection, it automatically stands up a local access point so you can connect directly and reconfigure it. While that access point has no clients connected, it periodically steps aside for a short window to let NetworkManager try reconnecting to a known network in the background, then brings the access point back up if nothing was found.
### Demo Runs as a `systemd` service and is managed entirely through `nmcli`/`iw` — no extra daemons (`hostapd`, `dnsmasq`, etc.) required.
Website: https://git.zakscode.com
### Built With ### Built With
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[![MongoDB](https://img.shields.io/badge/mongodb-000000?style=for-the-badge&logo=mongodb)](https://www.mongodb.com/)
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[![SQL Server](https://img.shields.io/badge/SQL%20Server-CC2927?style=for-the-badge&logo=microsoftsqlserver)](https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/sql-server) [![Linux](https://img.shields.io/badge/Linux-eeeeee?style=for-the-badge&logo=linux&logoColor=000000)](https://www.linux.org/)
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## Setup ## Setup
<details> <details open>
<summary> <summary>
<h3 id="production" style="display: inline"> <h3 id="installation" style="display: inline">
Production Installation
</h3> </h3>
</summary> </summary>
#### Prerequisites #### Prerequisites
- [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/install/) - A Linux device with a Wi-Fi adapter (`wlan0` by default) — a Raspberry Pi or similar SBC
- `NetworkManager` and `iw` (installed automatically if missing)
- Root access
#### Instructions #### Instructions
1. Run the docker image: `docker run -p 80:80 git.zakscode.com/ztimson/template:latest` 1. Download & Install: `curl -sL https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/raw/branch/master/install.sh | sudo bash`
2. Open [http://localhost](http://localhost)
</details> </details>
<details> <details>
<summary> <summary>
<h3 id="development" style="display: inline"> <h3 id="usage" style="display: inline">
Development Usage
</h3> </h3>
</summary> </summary>
#### Prerequisites Once installed, the service runs automatically and requires no further interaction. A few commands are available for manual control:
- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download)
#### Instructions - `sudo ./pi-fallback-ap.sh status` — show service, connection, and access point state
1. Install the dependencies: `npm install` - `sudo ./pi-fallback-ap.sh start` / `stop` — manually bring the access point up or down
2. Start the Angular server: `npm run start` - `sudo ./pi-fallback-ap.sh uninstall` — remove the service and access point profile
3. Open [http://localhost:4200](http://localhost:4200)
</details> </details>
## License ## License
Copyright © 2023 Zakary Timson | All Rights Reserved | Available under MIT Licensing Copyright © 2026 Zakary Timson | Available under MIT Licensing
See the [license](./LICENSE) for more information.
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#!/bin/bash
set -e
# Configuration =======================================================================================================
#
# Connection settings (SSID, passphrase, subnet, DHCP range, interface) can
# be supplied three ways, highest priority first:
# 1. Environment variables (FALLBACK_AP_*) - used for headless installs.
# 2. The persisted config file below, written by `install`.
# 3. The hard-coded defaults in this block.
#
# Everything else (timers, paths) is not meant to be reconfigured per-install
# and stays as plain constants.
CONFIG_FILE="/etc/fallback-ap.conf"
# Load persisted settings from a previous install, if any. These are stored
# under SAVED_* names (not FALLBACK_AP_*) specifically so that sourcing this
# file can never clobber an explicit environment-variable override below.
if [ -f "$CONFIG_FILE" ]; then
# shellcheck disable=SC1090
source "$CONFIG_FILE"
fi
WLAN0_IFACE="${FALLBACK_AP_IFACE:-${SAVED_IFACE:-wlan0}}"
AP_NAME="${FALLBACK_AP_SSID:-${SAVED_SSID:-$HOSTNAME}}"
AP_PASSWORD="${FALLBACK_AP_PASSWORD:-${SAVED_PASSWORD:-guesswhatitis}}"
AP_ENCRYPTION="${FALLBACK_AP_ENCRYPTION:-${SAVED_ENCRYPTION:-wpa-psk}}" # none | wpa-psk | sae
FALLBACK_AP_CIDR="${FALLBACK_AP_CIDR:-${SAVED_CIDR:-10.10.10.1/24}}"
FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_START_OCTET="${FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_START_OCTET:-${SAVED_DHCP_START_OCTET:-100}}"
FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_END_OCTET="${FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_END_OCTET:-${SAVED_DHCP_END_OCTET:-250}}"
AP_CIDR="$FALLBACK_AP_CIDR"
AP_NETWORK_BASE="${AP_CIDR%%/*}" # e.g. "10.10.10.1" out of "10.10.10.1/24"
AP_NETWORK_BASE="${AP_NETWORK_BASE%.*}" # e.g. "10.10.10"
DHCP_START="${AP_NETWORK_BASE}.${FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_START_OCTET}"
DHCP_END="${AP_NETWORK_BASE}.${FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_END_OCTET}"
# How often, while the AP has no clients, to stop the AP and give
# NetworkManager a chance to reconnect to a known Wi-Fi network.
RECOVERY_CHECK_INTERVAL=60
# How long to leave the AP down during a recovery attempt before giving
# up and bringing the AP back.
RECOVERY_WINDOW=20
# Small delay after changing wlan0 state, to let things settle before
# we query it again.
STATE_SETTLE_DELAY=1
CONNECTION_NAME="Fallback AP"
SERVICE_NAME="pi-fallback-ap"
SERVICE_FILE="/etc/systemd/system/$SERVICE_NAME.service"
STATE_DIR="/var/lib/pi-fallback-ap"
LAST_WIFI_FILE="$STATE_DIR/last-wifi"
LOCK_FILE="$STATE_DIR/lock"
STATE_FILE="$STATE_DIR/state"
# End of Configuration ================================================================================================
# Resolve the actual location of this script.
SCRIPT_PATH="$(readlink -f "$0")"
if [ -z "$SCRIPT_PATH" ] || [ ! -f "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]; then
echo "Unable to determine script path."
exit 1
fi
log() {
echo "[$(date '+%H:%M:%S')] $*"
}
set_state() {
printf '%s\n' "$1" > "$STATE_FILE"
}
get_state() {
cat "$STATE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown"
}
is_ap_on() {
nmcli -t -f NAME connection show --active 2>/dev/null |
grep -Fxq "$CONNECTION_NAME"
}
is_wifi_connected() {
nmcli -t -f DEVICE,TYPE,STATE,CONNECTION device status 2>/dev/null |
awk -F: -v iface="$WLAN0_IFACE" -v ap="$CONNECTION_NAME" \
'$1 == iface && $2 == "wifi" && $3 == "connected" && $4 != ap {found=1} END {exit !found}'
}
get_wifi_connection() {
nmcli -t -f DEVICE,TYPE,STATE,CONNECTION device status 2>/dev/null |
awk -F: -v iface="$WLAN0_IFACE" \
'$1 == iface && $2 == "wifi" && $3 == "connected" {print $4; exit}'
}
remember_wifi() {
local connection
connection="$(get_wifi_connection)"
[ -z "$connection" ] && return
[ "$connection" = "$CONNECTION_NAME" ] && return
mkdir -p "$STATE_DIR"
if [ "$(cat "$LAST_WIFI_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true)" != "$connection" ]; then
log "Remembering Wi-Fi connection: $connection"
printf '%s\n' "$connection" > "$LAST_WIFI_FILE"
fi
}
get_last_wifi() {
[ -f "$LAST_WIFI_FILE" ] && cat "$LAST_WIFI_FILE"
}
get_client_count() {
iw dev "$WLAN0_IFACE" station dump 2>/dev/null |
grep -c '^Station ' || true
}
wait_for_ap_state() {
local wanted="$1"
local timeout="${2:-5}"
for ((i=0; i<timeout*10; i++)); do
if [ "$wanted" = "on" ] && is_ap_on; then
return 0
fi
if [ "$wanted" = "off" ] && ! is_ap_on; then
return 0
fi
sleep 0.1
done
return 1
}
wait_for_wifi() {
local timeout="$1"
for ((i=0; i<timeout*10; i++)); do
if is_wifi_connected; then
return 0
fi
sleep 0.1
done
return 1
}
start_ap() {
if is_ap_on; then
return 0
fi
log "Enabling AP: $AP_NAME"
nmcli connection up "$CONNECTION_NAME" ifname "$WLAN0_IFACE" >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
log "Failed to start AP"
return 1
}
if ! wait_for_ap_state on 5; then
log "AP failed to become active"
return 1
fi
sleep "$STATE_SETTLE_DELAY"
log "AP enabled"
return 0
}
stop_ap() {
if ! is_ap_on; then
return 0
fi
log "Disabling AP"
nmcli connection down "$CONNECTION_NAME" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
if ! wait_for_ap_state off 5; then
log "AP failed to stop cleanly"
return 1
fi
sleep "$STATE_SETTLE_DELAY"
return 0
}
# ==========================================================================
# One tick of the control loop. Called once per second, always while
# holding the wlan0 lock, so everything here runs to completion before
# the next tick starts - there is no interleaving to race against.
#
# `last_attempt` is intentionally not declared `local` here: it lives in
# run()'s scope and this function updates it directly (bash resolves it
# via the caller's scope as long as nothing else shadows it).
# ==========================================================================
tick() {
local now="$1"
if is_wifi_connected; then
remember_wifi
if is_ap_on; then
stop_ap
fi
set_state "wifi"
last_attempt="$now"
return
fi
if ! is_ap_on; then
start_ap
set_state "fallback"
last_attempt="$now"
return
fi
set_state "fallback"
local clients
clients="$(get_client_count)"
if [ "$clients" -gt 0 ]; then
# Someone is using the AP right now. Leave it alone and push the
# next recovery attempt back so we don't kick them off.
last_attempt="$now"
return
fi
if (( now - last_attempt >= RECOVERY_CHECK_INTERVAL )); then
last_attempt="$now"
attempt_recovery
fi
}
# Stop the AP, give NetworkManager a window to autoconnect to any known
# network it can see, and bring the AP back if that doesn't happen.
attempt_recovery() {
log "No AP clients, checking for known Wi-Fi (AP down for up to ${RECOVERY_WINDOW}s)"
set_state "checking"
stop_ap || true
if is_ap_on; then
log "AP did not go down, aborting recovery attempt"
start_ap
set_state "fallback"
return 1
fi
if wait_for_wifi "$RECOVERY_WINDOW"; then
sleep "$STATE_SETTLE_DELAY"
if is_wifi_connected; then
log "Wi-Fi reconnected"
remember_wifi
set_state "wifi"
return 0
fi
fi
log "No Wi-Fi available, restoring AP"
start_ap
set_state "fallback"
return 1
}
save_config() {
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$CONFIG_FILE")"
cat > "$CONFIG_FILE" <<EOF
SAVED_IFACE="$WLAN0_IFACE"
SAVED_SSID="$AP_NAME"
SAVED_PASSWORD="$AP_PASSWORD"
SAVED_ENCRYPTION="$AP_ENCRYPTION"
SAVED_CIDR="$FALLBACK_AP_CIDR"
SAVED_DHCP_START_OCTET="$FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_START_OCTET"
SAVED_DHCP_END_OCTET="$FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_END_OCTET"
EOF
# Contains the AP passphrase - keep it out of reach of other users.
chmod 600 "$CONFIG_FILE"
}
install() {
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Run this script as root."
exit 1
fi
log "Installing NetworkManager fallback AP"
apt-get update
apt-get install -y network-manager iw
systemctl enable NetworkManager
systemctl start NetworkManager
mkdir -p "$STATE_DIR"
if is_wifi_connected; then
remember_wifi
fi
create_connection
save_config
log "Creating recovery service"
cat > "$SERVICE_FILE" <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=NetworkManager Fallback AP
After=NetworkManager.service
Wants=NetworkManager.service
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=$SCRIPT_PATH run
Restart=always
RestartSec=2
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
chmod 644 "$SERVICE_FILE"
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable "$SERVICE_NAME"
systemctl restart "$SERVICE_NAME"
log "Installation complete"
log "Script: $SCRIPT_PATH"
log "Config file: $CONFIG_FILE"
log "SSID: $AP_NAME"
log "Interface: $WLAN0_IFACE"
log "Network: $AP_CIDR"
log "DHCP: $DHCP_START - $DHCP_END"
log "Encryption: $AP_ENCRYPTION"
log "Recovery check interval: ${RECOVERY_CHECK_INTERVAL}s"
log "Recovery window: ${RECOVERY_WINDOW}s"
log "Last Wi-Fi: $(get_last_wifi || echo none)"
echo
nmcli device status
}
create_connection() {
log "Creating NetworkManager AP connection..."
nmcli connection delete "$CONNECTION_NAME" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
nmcli connection add \
type wifi \
ifname "$WLAN0_IFACE" \
con-name "$CONNECTION_NAME" \
autoconnect no \
ssid "$AP_NAME"
nmcli connection modify "$CONNECTION_NAME" \
connection.autoconnect no \
connection.autoconnect-priority -999 \
connection.autoconnect-retries 0 \
802-11-wireless.mode ap \
802-11-wireless.powersave 2 \
ipv4.method shared \
ipv4.addresses "$AP_CIDR" \
ipv4.shared-dhcp-range "$DHCP_START,$DHCP_END" \
ipv6.method disabled
case "$AP_ENCRYPTION" in
none)
nmcli connection modify "$CONNECTION_NAME" \
wifi-sec.key-mgmt none
;;
wpa-psk)
if [ "${#AP_PASSWORD}" -lt 8 ] || [ "${#AP_PASSWORD}" -gt 63 ]; then
echo "WPA-PSK password must be between 8 and 63 characters."
exit 1
fi
nmcli connection modify "$CONNECTION_NAME" \
wifi-sec.key-mgmt wpa-psk \
wifi-sec.psk "$AP_PASSWORD"
;;
sae)
if [ "${#AP_PASSWORD}" -lt 8 ]; then
echo "WPA3-SAE password must be at least 8 characters."
exit 1
fi
nmcli connection modify "$CONNECTION_NAME" \
wifi-sec.key-mgmt sae \
wifi-sec.psk "$AP_PASSWORD"
;;
*)
echo "Unsupported encryption: $AP_ENCRYPTION"
exit 1
;;
esac
}
uninstall() {
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Run this script as root."
exit 1
fi
log "Uninstalling fallback AP"
systemctl disable --now "$SERVICE_NAME" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
nmcli connection down "$CONNECTION_NAME" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
nmcli connection delete "$CONNECTION_NAME" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
rm -f "$SERVICE_FILE"
rm -f "$CONFIG_FILE"
rm -rf "$STATE_DIR"
systemctl daemon-reload
log "Fallback AP removed"
}
start() {
mkdir -p "$STATE_DIR"
(
flock -n 9 || exit 1
start_ap
) 9>"$LOCK_FILE"
}
stop() {
mkdir -p "$STATE_DIR"
(
flock -n 9 || exit 1
stop_ap
) 9>"$LOCK_FILE"
}
status() {
echo
echo "=== Service ==="
systemctl status "$SERVICE_NAME" --no-pager || true
echo
echo "=== Devices ==="
nmcli device status
echo
echo "=== Active Connections ==="
nmcli connection show --active
echo
echo "=== Saved Wi-Fi Profiles ==="
nmcli -f NAME,TYPE,AUTOCONNECT,AUTOCONNECT-PRIORITY connection show
echo
echo "=== Fallback AP ==="
nmcli connection show "$CONNECTION_NAME" 2>/dev/null || echo "Not installed"
echo
echo "=== Config ($CONFIG_FILE) ==="
echo "SSID: $AP_NAME"
echo "Interface: $WLAN0_IFACE"
echo "Network: $AP_CIDR"
echo "DHCP: $DHCP_START - $DHCP_END"
echo
echo "=== Last Known Wi-Fi ==="
get_last_wifi || echo "None"
echo
echo "=== State ==="
get_state
echo
echo "=== AP Clients ==="
get_client_count
echo
echo "=== Script ==="
echo "$SCRIPT_PATH"
}
run() {
local last_attempt=0
local now
mkdir -p "$STATE_DIR"
log "Fallback AP service started"
log "Script: $SCRIPT_PATH"
# Open the lock fd once for the life of the process. Using `flock`
# directly against this fd (instead of wrapping each tick in its own
# `( ... ) 9>"$LOCK_FILE"` subshell) matters: any variable a tick
# updates - like last_attempt below - has to survive into the next
# loop iteration, and a subshell would silently throw those updates
# away when it exits.
exec 9>"$LOCK_FILE"
flock 9
if is_wifi_connected; then
remember_wifi
set_state "wifi"
log "Wi-Fi already connected"
else
log "No Wi-Fi connection, starting fallback AP"
start_ap
set_state "fallback"
fi
flock -u 9
while true; do
now="$(date +%s)"
if flock -n 9; then
tick "$now"
flock -u 9
fi
sleep 1
done
}
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Run this script as root."
exit 1
fi
case "${1:-}" in
install)
install
;;
uninstall)
uninstall
;;
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status
;;
run)
run
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPT_PATH {install|uninstall|start|stop|status|run}"
exit 1
;;
esac
+34
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
#!/bin/bash
set -e
SCRIPT_URL="https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/raw/branch/master/fallback-ap.sh"
INSTALL_PATH="/usr/local/bin/fallback-ap"
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "This installer needs to run as root, e.g.:"
echo " curl -sL https://git.zakscode.com/ztimson/fallback-ap/raw/branch/master/install.sh | sudo bash"
exit 1
fi
prompt() {
local __var="$1" __question="$2" __default="$3" __answer=""
if [ -e /dev/tty ]; then
read -r -p "$__question [$__default]: " __answer < /dev/tty || __answer=""
fi
printf -v "$__var" '%s' "${__answer:-$__default}"
}
[ -z "${FALLBACK_AP_SSID:-}" ] && prompt FALLBACK_AP_SSID "Access point SSID" "$(hostname)"
[ -z "${FALLBACK_AP_PASSWORD:-}" ] && prompt FALLBACK_AP_PASSWORD "Access point passphrase" "guesswhatitis"
[ -z "${FALLBACK_AP_CIDR:-}" ] && prompt FALLBACK_AP_CIDR "Access point subnet (CIDR)" "10.10.10.1/24"
[ -z "${FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_START_OCTET:-}" ] && prompt FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_START_OCTET "DHCP range start (last octet)" "100"
[ -z "${FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_END_OCTET:-}" ] && prompt FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_END_OCTET "DHCP range end (last octet)" "250"
export FALLBACK_AP_SSID FALLBACK_AP_PASSWORD FALLBACK_AP_CIDR FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_START_OCTET FALLBACK_AP_DHCP_END_OCTET
echo "Downloading fallback-ap..."
curl -fsSL "$SCRIPT_URL" -o "$INSTALL_PATH"
chmod +x "$INSTALL_PATH"
echo "Running installer..."
"$INSTALL_PATH" install